官方文档:https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/partitioning-overview.html
通过删除仅包含该数据的分区(或多个分区),通常可以轻松地从分区表中删除失去其实用性的数据。相反,在某些情况下,通过添加一个或多个新分区来特别存储该数据,可以极大地促进添加新数据的过程。
由于满足给定WHERE子句的数据只能存储在一个或多个分区上,因此可以大大优化某些查询,这会自动从搜索中排除任何剩余的分区。由于在创建分区表后可以更改分区,因此可以重新组织数据以增强在首次设置分区方案时可能不常使用的频繁查询。这种排除不匹配分区(以及它们包含的任何行)的能力通常称为 分区修剪。
查看是否支持分区
MariaDB []> SHOW PLUGINS;
Name | Status | Type |
---|---|---|
partition | ACTIVEt | STORAGE ENGINE |
bashCREATE TABLE `test1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`sip` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`insertTime` timestamp NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`insertTime`)
)ENGINE=InnoDB
PARTITION BY RANGE (UNIX_TIMESTAMP(`insertTime`))(
PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2019-03-30 00:00:00')),
PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2019-03-31 00:00:00')),
PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2019-04-01 00:00:00'))
);
bash [root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/test -lh
总用量 41M
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 14K 3月 29 11:37 test1.frm
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 44 3月 29 11:37 test1.par
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 96K 3月 29 11:38 test1#P#p0.ibd
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 96K 3月 29 11:38 test1#P#p1.ibd
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 96K 3月 29 11:38 test1#P#p2.ibd
插入测试数据:
bash INSERT INTO test1(sip,insertTime) VALUES ('1.1.1.4','2019-03-27 01:00:03'); #p0
INSERT INTO test1(sip,insertTime) VALUES ('1.1.1.4','2019-03-30 01:00:03'); #p1
INSERT INTO test1(sip,insertTime) VALUES ('1.1.1.4','2019-03-31 01:00:03'); #p2
bashmysql 5.6之后才引入分区查询
MariaDB [test]> SELECT * FROM test1 partition(p2);
MariaDB [test]> SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, PARTITION_EXPRESSION, PARTITION_DESCRIPTION FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.partitions WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE 'cdr' AND TABLE_SCHEMA LIKE SCHEMA();
MariaDB [test]> SELECT count(PARTITION_NAME) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.partitions WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE 'cdr' AND TABLE_SCHEMA LIKE SCHEMA();
MariaDB [test]> explain partitions SELECT * FROM test1 WHERE insertTime="2019-03-30 01:00:03";
id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | SIMPLE | test1 | p1 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | Using where |
MariaDB [test]> explain partitions SELECT * FROM test1 WHERE insertTime="2019-03-27 01:00:03";
id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | SIMPLE | test1 | p0 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | Using where |
MariaDB [test]> explain partitions SELECT * FROM test1 WHERE insertTime="2019-03-31 01:00:03";
id | select_type | table | partitions | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | SIMPLE | test1 | p2 | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 2 | Using where |
select min(insertTime),max(insertTime) from test1;
select date(insertTime),count(*) from test group by date(insertTime);
MariaDB [test]> alter table test1 drop partition p0;
[root@localhost ~]# ls /var/lib/mysql/test -lh 总用量 41M -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 14K 3月 29 11:41 test1.frm -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 40 3月 29 11:41 test1.par -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 96K 3月 29 11:40 test1#P#p1.ibd -rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 96K 3月 29 11:40 test1#P#p2.ibd
SELECT count(*) FROM test1;
bashmysqldump --no-create-info testdb tb1 > cdrtest.sql
DROP TABLE tb1;
bashSHOW CREATE TABLE tb1;
bashCREATE TABLE `tb1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`sip` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`insertTime` timestamp NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`insertTime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
bashALTER TABLE tb1 PARTITION by range(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(insertTime))(
partition par0 values less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2016-02-01 00:00:00')),
partition par1 values less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2019-03-29 00:00:00')),
partition par2 values less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2019-03-30 00:00:00'))
);
ALTER TABLE cdr add partition (partition par3 values less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP('2019-04-01 00:00:00')));
bashSHOW CREATE TABLE tb1;
bashCREATE TABLE `tb1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`sip` varchar(32) NOT NULL,
`insertTime` timestamp NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`response_code`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
bashALTER TABLE cdr PARTITION BY list(response_code)
(
partition p200 values in (200),
partition p404 values in (404),
partition p503 values in (503),
partition p901 values in (901),
partition p902 values in (902),
partition p903 values in (903),
partition p0 values in (0)
);
bash#!/bin/bash
#
user='root'
password=''
DB='test'
TABLE='cdr'
backpath=/var/tmp/${TABLE}insert.sql
pre3date=`date -d"-3 days" +%Y-%m-%d`
curdate=`date +%Y-%m-%d`
after3date=`date -d"+3 days" +%Y-%m-%d`
function reset() {
# 判断表是否支持分区
if ! mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "show variables like '%partition%'" | grep -e "have_partitioning" | grep -q "YES"; then
echo "no support PARTITION"
exit 1
fi
# 备份
if ! mysqldump -u${user} -p${password} --no-create-info --single-transaction -R -E --triggers ${DB} ${TABLE} > ${backpath}; then
echo error.....
fi
# 删除
mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} << EOF
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS ${TABLE};
CREATE TABLE ${TABLE} (
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
sip varchar(32) NOT NULL,
insertTime timestamp,
PRIMARY KEY ($1,$2)
) ENGINE=InnoDB;
EOF
# 导入
mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} < ${backpath}
# 删除备份
rm -rf ${backpath}
}
function cron_range() {
# 判断分区数
count=`mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "SELECT count(PARTITION_NAME) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.partitions WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE \"${TABLE}\" AND TABLE_SCHEMA LIKE SCHEMA();" | grep -v "^count" `
echo 分区数量 ${count}
if [ ${count} -ne 0 ]; then
# 存在分区, 先删除三天前的分区
parname=par`echo ${pre3date} | tr -d '-'`
mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "ALTER TABLE ${TABLE} drop partition ${parname}"
if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then
# 说明还未到第三天, 删除不了
echo "drop range partition pre3, error...."
else
# 刚至第三天, 可以删除, 就增加后三天
parname=par`echo ${after3date} | tr -d '-'`
mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "ALTER TABLE cdr add partition (partition ${parname} values less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP(\"${after3date}\")));"
fi
else
# 不存在分区,将就今天前和后3天前分区. 3天后的现在过1s就不能写入了.就有分区了
echo "no partition"
parname1=par`echo ${curdate} | tr -d '-'`
parname2=par`echo ${after3date} | tr -d '-'`
mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "ALTER TABLE ${TABLE} PARTITION by range(UNIX_TIMESTAMP(insertTime))(partition ${parname1} values less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP(\"${curdate}\")), partition ${parname2} values less than (UNIX_TIMESTAMP(\"${after3date}\")));"
fi
}
function cron_list() {
# 判断分区数
count=`mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "SELECT count(PARTITION_NAME) FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.partitions WHERE TABLE_NAME LIKE \"${TABLE}\" AND TABLE_SCHEMA LIKE SCHEMA();" | grep -v "^count" `
echo 分区数量 ${count}
if [ ${count} -ne 0 ]; then
# 存在分区, 重建901
ls -lhS /opt/mysql/data/cdn_log_system/cdr*
mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "ALTER TABLE cdr DROP PARTITION p901;"
mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "ALTER TABLE cdr ADD PARTITION (PARTITION p901 VALUES IN (901));"
else
echo "no partition"
echo "创建分区error_code in (200 404 503 901 902 903)"
mysql -u${user} -p${password} -D ${DB} -e "ALTER TABLE cdr PARTITION BY list(response_code) ( partition p200 values in (200), partition p404 values in (404), partition p503 values in (503), partition p901 values in (901), partition p902 values in (902), partition p903 values in (903), partition p0 values in (0) );"
fi
}
if [ $UID -eq 0 ]; then
# 将分区字段转换为主键
# reset id insertTime
# 添加range分区
# cron_range
# 添加对error_code的list分区
# reset id response_code
cron_list
fi
本文作者:mykernel
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